I tacked inside the zone at the windward mark and got trapped — how is it my foul?

Because once you pass head to wind inside the zone with a starboard boat fetching the mark, every line you sail is a losing one. Under Rule 18.3 you must give mark-room to the boat that was fetching, and as windward boat you must keep clear under Rule 11 — you did neither, so you're disqualified. The boat forced onto the mark is exonerated under Rule 43.1(b). The mistake isn't the luff — it's the tack. (World Sailing Case 95.)

📖 Want Rule 18 in more depth? Elvstrøm Explains the Racing Rules 2025-2028 sets out every rule with plain-English explanations and diagrams. (affiliate link)

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Next on this shelf — The Windward Mark