On a dead run, all three boats on port, you are Yellow with Blue two lengths to leeward. Red comes up from clear astern and gets an overlap on the inside, between you and Blue. Blue is just a boat, not an obstruction, so do you have to let Red in?

Yes. A boat racing is an obstruction to every boat that is required to keep clear of her (definition Obstruction, last sentence). You are to windward of Blue, so you keep clear of her (Rule 11), and so does Red. Blue is an obstruction to both of you. There is no mark and Blue is not a continuing obstruction, so Rule 19 applies, and Rule 19.2(b) says the outside boat gives the inside boat room between her and the obstruction. You had over two lengths of water when the overlap began, so you were able to give it. The catch: Red got her overlap from clear astern, to leeward and within two lengths. Rule 15 says she must at first give you room to keep clear, and Rule 17 says she may not sail above her proper course. She may come through the gap; she may not luff you out of the way. And she still has to keep clear of Blue the whole time. (World Sailing Case 11.)

📖 Want Rule 19 in more depth? Elvstrøm Explains the Racing Rules 2025-2028 sets out every rule with plain-English explanations and diagrams. (affiliate link)

▶ Watch on YouTube ↓ Download (via YouTube)
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6lZgxfcS-cs" title="Sailing Kiwi" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<p><a href="https://sailing.kiwi.nz/v/6lZgxfcS-cs/">Source: Sailing Kiwi</a></p>

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